When Christianity Became a Separate Religion

30–70 CE
Jesus Movement
• Entirely Jewish
• Temple & synagogue worship

50–100 CE
Gentile Influx
• Torah debate
• Gentiles not required to keep the Law

70–135 CE
Temple Destroyed
• Rabbinic Judaism forms
• Social split emerges

150–300 CE
Distinct Identity
• Bishops & liturgy
• Mainly Gentile movement

313 CE
Edict of Milan
• Legalized Christianity
• Institutional separation

Summary: The separation unfolded gradually — theological (50–100), social (100–135), institutional (150–300), and political (after 313).